Funct. Mater. 2020; 27 (3): 595-604.
Influence of the bias potential applied in the process of deposition in constant and pulsed form on the structure, substructure, stress-strain state and hardness of TiN vacuum-arc coatings
National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2 Kyrpychova Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
The possibilities of structural engineering using three technological schemes for the formation of TiN vacuum-arc coatings are considered. When using the first scheme (without a high-voltage pulse potential) with a close to zero ("floating") constant bias potential, a polycrystalline structure is formed in the coatings without a preferred crystallite growth orientation. The average crystallite size (L) is about 31 nm, and microdeformation (ε) varies from 0.28 % to 0.12 % with an increase in nitrogen pressure in the vacuum chamber from 0.26 Pa to 0.66 Pa. The supply of a constant potential (Uc = -200 V) leads to the formation of a texture with the [111] axis, an increase in L to 91 nm and ε = 0.7 %. The second coating scheme for "floating" Uc with the simultaneous supply of a pulsed high voltage potential (Ui) at the structural level leads to the formation of a preferred orientation with the [100] and [110] axes. With this coating formation scheme, with an increase in the pulse potential, a decrease in L and ε is observed. The use of the third deposition scheme (combined action of Uc = -200 V and Ui) at Ui with a pulse duration of τ = 4 μs leads to a change in the texture axis from [111] (at Ui = -850 V) to a texture with the [110] axis (at Ui = -2000 V). At τ = 16 μs, the preferred orientation with the [110] axis becomes almost the only one. Based on a generalization of the results, it was found that the main negative contribution to the texture formation with the [111] and [100] axes is made by the constant negative potential Uc of 0...200 V. Using the high-voltage potential Ui = -(850...2000) V in a pulsed form stimulates texture formation [110] and a change in the macro- and microdeformed state. The highest hardness (40-45 GPa) is achieved for the regimes with the smallest Ui = -850 V, when the texture with the [110] axis is not the main one, and the macrodeformation of compression is 1.7-2.4 %. A 2-level model for describing the process under the action of methods of supplying bias potentials of different magnitude is proposed.
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